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However, results from other countries suggest that plain packaging is likely to have a greater impact when introduced in combination with new, larger health warnings.[2]
However, JTI appealed this decision because the Palermo laboratory had not been specifically approved by the European Commission for testing cigarettes for menthol
CS exposure activates the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) and increases messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IL-8 (one of the mediators controlled by NF-B) within the macrophages.21 22 This process is at least partially an autologous effect, with other cells such as bronchial epithelial cells shown to release increased IL-8 in response to CS that would contribute to stimulate macrophage and neutrophil influx.23 The increased BALF cellularity may take over 1 month to significantly reduce and up to 6 months to fully normalise.24 Accumulation of autofluorescent bodies AMs from smokers contain autofluorescent bodies25 due to the uptake of CS particles (ie, tar)
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Increased Harm : The deep inhalation and longer retention of smoke mean that smokers of menthol cigarettes are at a higher risk of severe lung diseases and cancers